In the history of art, prehistoric art is all art produced in preliterate, prehistorical cultures beginning somewhere in very late geological history, and generally continuing until that culture either develops writing or other methods of record-keeping, or makes significant contact with another culture that has, and that makes some record of major historical events.
Chauvet Cavecave in France, c. 34500 BCE · 5 works in the gallery
Cave of Altamiracave with prehistoric paintings in Spain, 34000–13000 BCE · 6 works in the gallery
Venus of Willendorfprehistoric figurine from Austria, c. 28000 BCE · 6 works in the gallery
Lascauxcave in southwestern France famous for its Paleolithic cave paintings, c. 15000 BCE · 6 works in the gallery
StonehengeNeolithic henge monument in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England, UK, 3000–2000 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Mesopotamia 3500–539 BCE
The art of Mesopotamia has survived in the record from early hunter-gatherer societies on to the Bronze Age cultures of the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires. These empires were later replaced in the Iron Age by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires.
Sumerancient Mesopotamian civilization from 5500 to 1800 BC, 4500–1900 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Akkadian Empireancient empire in the Mesopotamia, 2334–2154 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Assyriamajor Mesopotamian East Semitic kingdom, 2025–609 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Babyloncapital city of Babylonia and an archaeological site in modern-day Iraq, 1894–539 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Ancient Egypt 3100–30 BCE
Ancient Egyptian art refers to art produced in ancient Egypt between the 6th millennium BC and the 4th century AD, spanning from Prehistoric Egypt until the Christianization of Roman Egypt. It includes paintings, sculptures, drawings on papyrus, faience, jewelry, ivories, architecture, and other art media.
Giza pyramid complexarchaeological site on the Giza Plateau, Egypt, 2600–2500 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Khafre Enthronedfunerary statue in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, c. 2570 BCE · 6 works in the gallery
The Seated Scribestatue depicting a scribe with crossed legs and writing tools ready, c. 2450 BCE · 8 works in the gallery
Karnakancient Egyptian temple complex, 2000–300 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Book of the Deadancient Egyptian funerary text, 1550–50 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Nefertiti BustBust of Queen Nefertiti from the Amarna Period in the Neues Museum, Berlin, c. 1345 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Abu SimbelUNESCO World Heritage Site in southern Egypt, 1264–1244 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Statue of Ramesses IIancient Egyptian red granite statue found in 1882 which is presented nowadays in the Grand Egyptian Museum of al-Giza, Egypt, c. 1250 BCE · 5 works in the gallery
Aegean Art 3000–1100 BCE
Aegean art is art that was created in the lands surrounding, and the islands within, the Aegean Sea during the Bronze Age, that is, until the 11th century BC, before Ancient Greek art.
Minoan civilizationBronze Age civilization flourishing on Crete and other Aegean islands from c. 2600 to 1100 BC, 3100–1100 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Knossosancient Minoan through Roman administrative center and city, 1950–1350 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Mycenaean Greecelate Bronze Age Greek civilization, 1750–1050 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Mask of Agamemnongold funeral mask discovered at the ancient Greek site of Mycenae, c. 1550 BCE · 6 works in the gallery
Bull-Leaping FrescoMinoan mural painting from Knossos, Crete, c. 1450 BCE · 9 works in the gallery
Lion Gatemain entrance of the Bronze Age citadel of Mycenae, c. 1250 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Etruscan Civilization 900–264 BCE
Etruscan art was produced by the Etruscan civilization in central Italy between the 10th and 1st centuries BC. From around 750 BC it was heavily influenced by Greek art, which was imported by the Etruscans, but always retained distinct characteristics.
Sarcophagus of the SpousesEtruscan sarcophagus in the National Etruscan Museum, 530–520 BCE · 8 works in the gallery
Apollo of VeiiLate 6th century BC painted terracotta Etruscan statue of Apollo, 510–500 BCE · 6 works in the gallery
Tomb of the LeopardsEtruscan burial complex, c. 473 BCE · 8 works in the gallery
Chimera of Arezzoancient Etruscan artwork, c. 400 BCE · 5 works in the gallery
Archaic Greece 700–480 BCE
Archaic Greece was the period in Greek history lasting from c. 800 BC to the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC, following the Greek Dark Ages and succeeded by the Classical period.
Black-figure potterystyle of painting on ancient Greek vases, 700–530 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Kourosfree-standing ancient Greek sculpture depicting a young man, 615–485 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Kore (sculpture)ancient Greek statue of a woman of the Archaic period, 600–480 BCE · 5 works in the gallery
Red-figure potteryancient Greek pottery style, 520–300 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Republican Rome 509–27 BCE
The Roman Republic was the era of classical Roman civilisation beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
Capitoline Brutusancient Roman bronze bust, c. 300 BCE · 6 works in the gallery
Togatus BarberiniRoman marble sculpture, c. 75 BCE · 2 works in the gallery
Verismartistic preference of contemporary everyday subject matter · 6 works in the gallery
Classical Greece 480–400 BCE
Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years in Ancient Greece, marked by much of the eastern Aegean and northern regions of Greek culture gaining increased autonomy from the Persian Empire; the peak flourishing of democratic Athens; the First and Second Peloponnesian Wars; the Spartan and then Theban hegemonies; and the expansion of Macedonia under Philip II.
MyronAthenian sculptor, 5th century BC, 500 BCE · 9 works in the gallery
Polykleitosfifth century BCE Greek sculptor, 490–420 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
PhidiasGreek sculptor, painter and architect (c.480–430 BC), 480–430 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Discoboluslost sculpture by Myron known through several copies, c. 460 BCE · 6 works in the gallery
Parthenonformer temple of Athena on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, 447–432 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Doryphoroslost statue by Polykleitos / type of statue, c. 440 BCE · 7 works in the gallery
Late Classical Greece 400–323 BCE
The sculpture of ancient Greece is the main surviving type of fine ancient Greek art as, with the exception of painted ancient Greek pottery, almost no ancient Greek painting survives.
PraxitelesAttic sculptor, 395–330 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
ScopasGreek sculptor (394 BC–349 BC), 395–350 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Lysippos4th-century BC Greek sculptor, 390–300 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Aphrodite of Knidoslost sculpture by the Greek sculptor Praxiteles of Athens, c. 360 BCE · 8 works in the gallery
Apoxyomenossculpture by Lysippos, c. 330 BCE · 4 works in the gallery
Hellenistic Period 323–31 BCE
Hellenistic art is the art of the Hellenistic period generally taken to begin with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and end with the conquest of the Greek world by the Romans, a process well underway by 146 BC, when the Greek mainland was taken, and essentially ending in 30 BC with the conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt following the Battle of Actium.
Dying Gaulsculpture, 230–220 BCE · 6 works in the gallery
Winged Victory of Samothracestatue from Samothrace, Greece in the Louvre, Paris, France, 200–190 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Pergamon Altarancient Greek building from Pergamon, today in the Antikensammlung Berlin, 180–160 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Venus de Miloancient Greek marble statue of a woman, 150–125 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Laocoön and His Sonssculpture in the Museo Pio-Clementino · 10 works in the gallery
Imperial Rome 27 BCE–130 CE
The art of Ancient Rome, and the territories of its Republic and later Empire, includes architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work. Luxury objects in metal-work, gem engraving, ivory carvings, and glass are sometimes considered to be minor forms of Roman art, although they were not considered as such at the time.
Ara Pacisancient Roman monument in Rome, 13–9 BCE · 10 works in the gallery
Augustus of Prima PortaAncient Roman sculpture of the emperor Augustus, b. 15 · 5 works in the gallery
Colosseumancient Roman amphitheatre, a landmark of Rome, Italy, 70–80 · 10 works in the gallery
Trajan's Columnancient Roman victory column, a landmark of Rome, Italy, 107–113 · 10 works in the gallery
Pantheon, Romeancient Roman temple in Rome, Italy, 113–125 · 10 works in the gallery
Medieval & Gothic 1200–1400
Gothic art was a style of medieval art that developed in Northern France out of Romanesque art in the 12th century, led by the concurrent development of Gothic architecture. It spread to all of Western Europe, and much of Northern, Southern and Central Europe, never quite effacing more classical styles in Italy.
CimabueItalian artist, 1240–1302 · 10 works in the gallery
DuccioItalian painter, 1255–1319 · 10 works in the gallery
GiottoItalian painter and architect (c. 1267–1337), 1267–1337 · 10 works in the gallery
Simone MartiniItalian painter, 1284–1344 · 10 works in the gallery
Early Renaissance 1400–1490
Italian Renaissance painting is the painting of the period beginning in the late 13th century and flourishing from the early 15th to late 16th centuries, occurring in the Italian Peninsula, which was at that time divided into many political states, some independent but others controlled by external powers.
Fra AngelicoItalian Early Renaissance painter, 1400–1455 · 10 works in the gallery
MasaccioItalian painter, 1401–1428 · 10 works in the gallery
Piero della FrancescaItalian painter and mathematician (c. 1416–1492), 1415–1492 · 10 works in the gallery
Sandro BotticelliItalian painter, 1445–1510 · 10 works in the gallery
Northern Renaissance 1430–1570
The Northern Renaissance was the Renaissance that occurred in Europe north of the Alps, developing later than the Italian Renaissance, and in most respects only beginning in the last years of the 15th century.
Jan van EyckFlemish painter (c.1390–1441), 1390–1441 · 10 works in the gallery
Hieronymus BoschDutch painter (c. 1450–1516), 1450–1516 · 10 works in the gallery
Albrecht DürerGerman painter, printmaker, mathematician, and theorist, 1471–1528 · 10 works in the gallery
In art history, the High Renaissance was a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states, particularly Rome, capital of the Papal States, and in Florence, during the Italian Renaissance.
Leonardo da VinciItalian Renaissance polymath, 1452–1519 · 10 works in the gallery
MichelangeloItalian artist and architect, 1475–1564 · 10 works in the gallery
RaphaelItalian painter and architect, 1483–1520 · 10 works in the gallery
TitianItalian painter (c.1490–1576), 1488–1576 · 10 works in the gallery
Mannerism 1520–1600
Mannerism is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style largely replaced it. Northern Mannerism continued into the early 17th century.
ParmigianinoItalian Mannerist painter and printmaker, 1503–1540 · 10 works in the gallery
BronzinoItalian Mannerist painter, 1503–1572 · 10 works in the gallery
TintorettoRenaissance painter, 1518–1594 · 10 works in the gallery
El GrecoGreek artist, painter, sculptor and architect, 1541–1614 · 10 works in the gallery
Baroque 1600–1720
The Baroque is a Western style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from the early 1600s until the 1750s. It followed Renaissance art and Mannerism and preceded the Rococo and Neoclassical styles.
CaravaggioItalian painter, 1571–1610 · 10 works in the gallery
Peter Paul RubensFlemish painter, 1577–1640 · 10 works in the gallery
Diego VelázquezSpanish painter, 1599–1660 · 10 works in the gallery
RembrandtDutch painter and printmaker, 1606–1669 · 10 works in the gallery
Johannes VermeerDutch painter, 1632–1675 · 10 works in the gallery
Rococo 1715–1780
Rococo, less commonly Roccoco, is a Western style of architecture, art, and decoration that emerged in France in the 1730s as a reaction against the Louis XIV style. It is characterized by extensive ornamentation, fluid curves, asymmetry, and a smaller scale designed to foster intimacy.
Antoine WatteauFrench painter, 1684–1721 · 10 works in the gallery
Neoclassicism, also spelled Neo-classicism, emerged as a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity.
Eugène DelacroixFrench painter, 1798–1863 · 10 works in the gallery
Realism 1840–1880
Realism was an artistic movement that emerged in France in the 1840s. Realists rejected Romanticism, which had dominated French literature and art since the early 19th century.
Gustave CourbetFrench painter, 1819–1877 · 10 works in the gallery
Rosa BonheurFrench artist, 1822–1899 · 10 works in the gallery
Impressionism 1860–1890
Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterised by visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities, ordinary subject matter, unusual visual angles, and inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience.
Camille PissarroDanish-French painter, 1830–1903 · 10 works in the gallery
Édouard ManetFrench painter, 1832–1883 · 10 works in the gallery
Edgar DegasFrench Impressionist artist, 1834–1917 · 10 works in the gallery
Claude MonetFrench painter, 1840–1926 · 10 works in the gallery
Pierre-Auguste RenoirFrench painter and sculptor, 1841–1919 · 10 works in the gallery
Berthe MorisotFrench painter, 1841–1895 · 10 works in the gallery
Mary CassattAmerican painter and printmaker, 1844–1926 · 10 works in the gallery
Symbolism & Art Nouveau 1880–1915
Symbolism was a late 19th-century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts seeking to represent absolute truths symbolically through language and metaphorical images, mainly as a reaction against naturalism and realism.
Odilon RedonFrench painter, 1840–1916 · 10 works in the gallery
Henri RousseauFrench painter, 1844–1910 · 10 works in the gallery
Alphonse MuchaCzech painter, illustrator and graphic artist, 1860–1939 · 10 works in the gallery
Gustav KlimtAustrian symbolist painter, 1862–1918 · 10 works in the gallery
Post-Impressionism 1885–1910
Post-Impressionism was a predominantly French art movement which developed roughly between 1886 and 1905, from the last Impressionist exhibition to the birth of Fauvism. Post-Impressionism emerged as a reaction against Impressionists' concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and colour.
Paul CézanneFrench painter, 1839–1906 · 10 works in the gallery
Paul GauguinFrench painter and printmaker, 1848–1903 · 10 works in the gallery
Vincent van GoghDutch painter, 1853–1890 · 10 works in the gallery
Georges SeuratFrench painter, 1859–1891 · 10 works in the gallery
Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas.
Edvard MunchNorwegian painter, 1863–1944 · 10 works in the gallery
Ernst Ludwig KirchnerGerman painter, sculptor, engraver and printmaker, 1880–1938 · 10 works in the gallery
Franz MarcGerman artist, 1880–1916 · 10 works in the gallery
Amedeo ModiglianiItalian painter and sculptor, 1884–1920 · 10 works in the gallery
Egon SchieleAustrian painter, 1890–1918 · 10 works in the gallery
Cubism 1907–1925
Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement which began in Paris. It revolutionized painting and the visual arts, and sparked artistic innovations in music, ballet, literature, and architecture.
Pablo PicassoSpanish painter and sculptor, 1881–1973 · 6 works in the gallery
Fernand LégerFrench painter, 1881–1955 · 10 works in the gallery
Georges BraqueFrench painter and sculptor, 1882–1963 · 6 works in the gallery
Juan GrisSpanish artist, 1887–1927 · 10 works in the gallery
Early Abstraction 1910–1944
Abstract art uses visual language of shape, form, color, and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world. Abstract art, non-figurative art, non-objective art, and non-representational art are all closely related terms.
Wassily Kandinskyavant-garde painter of Russian origin, 1866–1944 · 10 works in the gallery
Piet MondrianDutch painter, 1872–1944 · 10 works in the gallery
Kazimir MalevichRussian avant-garde artist of Polish ancestry. Founder of the Suprematist movement, 1878–1935 · 10 works in the gallery
Paul KleeGerman-Swiss artist, 1879–1940 · 10 works in the gallery
Surrealism 1924–1966
Surrealism is an art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike scenes and ideas.
Max ErnstGerman artist, 1891–1976 · 5 works in the gallery
Joan MiróSpanish painter, sculptor, and ceramicist, 1893–1983 · 10 works in the gallery
René MagritteBelgian surrealist, 1898–1967 · 5 works in the gallery
Salvador DalíSpanish artist, 1904–1989 · 10 works in the gallery
Frida KahloMexican painter, 1907–1954 · 8 works in the gallery
Abstract Expressionism 1943–1965
Abstract expressionism in the United States emerged as a distinct art movement in the aftermath of World War II and gained mainstream acceptance in the 1950s, a shift from the American social realism of the 1930s influenced by the Great Depression and Mexican muralists.
Mark RothkoAmerican painter of Latvian-Jewish descent, 1903–1970 · 6 works in the gallery
Willem de KooningDutch-American abstract expressionist artist, 1904–1997 · 7 works in the gallery
Lee KrasnerAmerican abstract expressionist painter, 1908–1984 · 4 works in the gallery
Jackson PollockAmerican painter, 1912–1956 · 6 works in the gallery
Pop Art 1955–1975
Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the United Kingdom and the United States during the mid-to late 1950s.
Roy LichtensteinAmerican pop artist, 1923–1997 · 4 works in the gallery
Andy WarholAmerican artist, film director, and producer, 1928–1987 · 6 works in the gallery
David HockneyEnglish painter and printmaker, 1937–2026 · 6 works in the gallery
Contemporary 1975–2026
Contemporary art is generally art created from the 1970s onwards. Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and technologically advancing world.
Yayoi KusamaJapanese artist, b. 1929 · 9 works in the gallery
Gerhard RichterGerman visual artist, b. 1932 · 6 works in the gallery
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